Diagnostic Medical Sonography Technology

Diagnostic Medical Sonography/Sonographer & Ultra Sound Technician

The Diagnostic Medical Sonographers pathway is designed to prepare individuals use high frequency sound waves to produce images of organs, masses, fluid collections, and vascular structures within the human body. Individuals are given the opportunity to master skills necessary to obtaining pertinent patient history, performing the sonographic examination, providing for the needs and comfort of the patient during examination, and recording anatomy and pathology or other data for interpretation by the supervising physician to aid in diagnosis.

Program Description

Diagnostic Medical Sonography

Diagnostic medical sonography is a multi-specialty profession comprised of abdominal sonography, breast sonography, cardiac sonography, musculoskeletal sonography, obstetrics and gynecology sonography, vascular sonography, and other emerging clinical areas. These diverse areas all use ultrasound as a primary technology in their daily work.

The diagnostic medical sonographer is an individual who provides patient care services using ultrasound and related diagnostic procedures. The diagnostic medical sonographer must be educationally prepared and clinically competent as a prerequisite to professional practice. Demonstration and maintenance of competency through certification by a nationally recognized sonography credentialing organization is the standard of practice in sonography, and maintenance of certification in all areas of practice is endorsed. The diagnostic medical sonographer functions as a delegated agent of the physician and does not practice independently. Diagnostic medical sonographers are committed to enhanced patient care and continuous quality improvement that increases knowledge and technical competence. Diagnostic medical sonographers use independent, professional and ethical judgment, and critical thinking to safely perform diagnostic sonographic procedures.

The diagnostic medical sonographer generally performs the following: 

• Obtains, reviews, and integrates pertinent patient history and supporting clinical data to facilitate optimum diagnostic results;
• Performs appropriate procedures and records anatomic, pathologic, and/or physiologic data for interpretation by a physician; 
• Records, analyzes, and processes diagnostic data and other pertinent observations made during the procedure for presentation to the interpreting physician; 
• Exercises discretion and judgment in the performance of sonographic and/or related diagnostic services; 
• Demonstrates appropriate communication skills with patients and colleagues;
• Acts in a professional and ethical manner; 
• Facilitates communication and education to elicit patient cooperation and understanding of expectations and responds to questions regarding the sonographic examination.

Upon completion of the program of study, the student will be awarded the Associated of Applied Science degree. Until a Diagnostic Medical Sonography program reaches accreditation approval from CAAHEP, the students must meet the following criteria in order to apply to sit for the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonographers:

Be a graduate from an allied health program that is related to Diagnostic Medical Sonography.

Industry standards referenced are from the CAAHEP Standards and Guidelines for the Accreditation of Educational Programs in Diagnostic Medical Sonography (2021)

Suggested Course Sequence

Option 1-AAS Degree Required Courses

Applicants without a 2-year allied health patient care related degree must take basic patient care and medical-legal ethics courses.
The asterisk (*) denotes Survey of Physics OR Physics of Imaging Equipment in Allied Health is a Pre-requisites to enter the Diagnostic Medical Sonography Program.

Course Number	Course Name	Semester Credit Hours (SCH)	Lecture SCH Breakdown	Lab/Clinical SCH Breakdown	Total Contact Hours	Lecture Contact Hour Breakdown	Lab Contact Hour Breakdown	Certification Information
PHY* OR RGT 1613*	Survey of Physics OR Physics of Imaging Equipment	2 OR 3	2	-	30-45	-	-	American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonographers ARDMS SPI, AB OBGYN
DMS 1114	Introduction to Ultrasound	4	3	2	75	-	-	-
DMS 1213	Sectional Anatomy	3	3	0	45	-	-	-
DMS 1313	Ultrasound Physics and Instrumentation I	3	2	2	60	-	-	-
DMS 1323	Ultrasound Physics and Instrumentation II	3	2	2	60	-	-	-
DMS 1415	Clinical Experience I	5	0	15	225	-	-	-
DMS 1426	Clinical Experience II	6	0	18	270	-	-	-
DMS 1513	Abdominal Sonography	3	3	0	45	-	-	-
DMS 1524	Obstetrical and Gynecological Sonography	4	3	2	75	-	-	-
DMS 1533	Advanced Sonographic Procedures	3	3	0	45	-	-	-
DMS 1435	Clinical Experience IIII	5	0	15	225	-	-	-
DMS 1612	Sonography Seminar	2	2	0	30	-	-	-
DMS 1622	Ultrasound Examination Critique	2	2	0	30	-	-	-
-	Total	45 OR 46	-	-	-	-	-	-

Option 2-AAS Degree Required Courses

Applicants without a 2-year allied health patient care related degree must take basic patient care and medical-legal ethics courses.
The asterisk (*) denotes Survey of Physics OR Physics of Imaging Equipment in Allied Health is a Pre-requisites to enter the Diagnostic Medical Sonography Program.

Course Number	Course Name	Semester Credit Hours (SCH)	Lecture SCH Breakdown	Lab/Clinical SCH Breakdown	Total Contact Hours	Lecture Contact Hour Breakdown	Lab Contact Hour Breakdown	Certification Information
PHY* OR RGT 1613*	Survey of Physics OR Physics of Imaging Equipment	2 OR 3	2	-	30-45	-	-	American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonographers ARDMS SPI, AB OBGYN
DMS 1114	Introduction to Ultrasound	4	3	2	75	-	-	-
DMS 1213	Sectional Anatomy	3	3	0	45	-	-	-
DMS 1313	Ultrasound Physics and Instrumentation I	3	2	2	60	-	-	-
DMS 1513	Abdominal Sonography	3	3	0	45	-	-	-
DMS 1415	Clinical Experience I	5	0	15	225	-	-	-
DMS 1323	Ultrasound Physics and Instrumentation II	3	2	2	60	-	-	-
DMS 1426	Clinical Experience II	6	0	18	270	-	-	-
DMS 1544	General Obstetrical and Gynecological Sonogrpahy	4	3	2	75	-	-	-
DMS 2713	Vascular Sonography I	3	3	0	45	-	-	-
DMS 1553	Advanced Obstetrical and Gynecological Sonography	3	3	0	45	-	-	-
DMS 1533	Advanced Sonographic Procedures	3	3	0	45	-	-	-
DMS 1435	Clinical Experience IIII	5	0	15	225	-	-	-
DMS 1612	Sonography Seminar	2	2	0	30	-	-	-
DMS 1622	Ultrasound Examination Critique	2	2	0	30	-	-	-
DMS 2223	Intro to Cardiovascular Concepts	3	3	0	45	-	-	-
DMS 2446	Clinical Experience IV	6	0	15	225	-	-	-
DMS 2724	Vascular Sonography II	4	3	2	75	-	-	-
-	*DMS Total	64 OR 65	-	-	-	-	-	-

Career Certificate Program

The double asterisks (**) denotes Intro to Cardiovascular Concepts could be taken online in the semester prior to the cardiac program as a prerequisite.
It will already be open for the current DMS students.

Course Number	Course Name	Semester Credit Hours (SCH)	Lecture SCH Breakdown	Lab/Clinical SCH Breakdown	Total Contact Hour	Lecture Contact Hour Breakdown	Lab Contact Hour Breakdown	Certification Information
DMS 2223	Intro to Cardiovascular Concepts**	3	3	0	45	-	-	-
DMS 2114	Cardiac Sonography I	4	3	2	75	-	-	-
DMS 2213	Cardiovascular Pathology	3	3	0	45	-	-	-
DMS 2123	Cardiac Sonography II	3	3	0	45	-	-	-
DMS 2156	Clinical Experience V	6	0	18	270	-	-	-
-	Total	19	-	-	-	-	-	-

General Education Core Courses

Overview

To receive the Associate of Applied Science Degree, a student must complete all of the required coursework found in the Career Certificate option, Technical Certificate option and a minimum of 15 semester hours of General Education Core. The courses in the General Education Core may be spaced out over the entire length of the program so that students complete some academic and Career Technical courses each semester or provided primarily within the last semester. Each community college will specify the actual courses that are required to meet the General Education Core Requirements for the Associate of Applied Science Degree at their college. The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) Commission on Colleges Standard 2.7.3 from the Principles of Accreditation: Foundations for Quality Enhancement describes the general education core.

Section 2.7.3 - In each undergraduate degree program, the institution requires the successful completion of a general education component at the collegiate level that (1) is substantial component of each undergraduate degree, (2) ensures breadth of knowledge, and (3) is based on a coherent rationale. For degree completion in associate programs, the component constitutes a minimum of 15 semester hours or the equivalent. These credit hours are to be drawn from and include at least one course from the following areas: humanities/fine arts, social/behavioral sciences, and natural science/mathematics. The courses do not narrowly focus on those skills, techniques, and procedures specific to a particular occupation or profession.

General Education Core Courses

The asterisk (*) denotes or Higher

Course Number	Course Name	Semester Credit Hours (SCH)	Lecture SCH Breakdown	Lab/Clinical SCH Breakdown	Total Contact Hours	Lecture Contact Hour Breakdown	Lab Contact Hour Breakdown	Certification Name
-	Humanities/Fine Arts	3	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	Social/Behavioral Sciences	3	-	-	-	-	-	-
MAT 1313	College Algebra* or Quantitative Reasoning	3	-	-	-	-	-	-
ENG	English Composition I	3	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	Human ANatomy and Physiology	4-8	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	Communication Elective	3	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	Total	19-23	-	-	-	-	-	-

1. Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges. (2024). The principles of accreditation: Foundations for quality enhancement. Retrieved from SACSCOC 2024 Principles of Accreditation 
2. Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs. (2021).

Electives

Course Number	Course Name	Semester Credit Hours (SCH)	Lecture SCH Breakdown	Lab SCH Breakdown	Externship SCH Breakdown	Total Contact Hours	Lecture Contact Hour Breakdown	Lab Contact Hour Breakdown	Externship Contact Hour Breakdown
SSP 1002	Smart Start Pathway	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
DMS 1123	Fundamentals of Sonography	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	Medical Terminology	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	Instructor Approved Electives Per Local Community College		-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Course Descriptions

DMS 1114 Introduction to Ultrasound

Description

Students will be introduced to ultrasound equipment. Cleaning and disinfectant procedures will be shown. Types of film, paper printers, video recorders, scanning tables, ultrasound probes, and recording methods will be discussed. Legal ethical issues and patient contact within the ultrasound department, as well as scanning orientation, are included. Students will learn the sonographer’s role in patient care.

Hour Breakdown

Semester Credit Hours	Lecture	Lab	Contact Hours
4	3	2	75

Prerequisite

None

Student Learning Outcomes

1. Describe the role, organization, and structure of the ultrasound program, ultrasound department, hospital, or clinic as well as the profession. ^{App. B 2, d. 1-11, and m.1-6} 
   • State the rules and regulations of the ultrasound program regarding class attendance, grading, vacation/sick leave, and the appeals procedure. 
   • Discuss the departmental and hospital/clinic rules and regulations which directly and indirectly affect ultrasound students. 
   • List the major duties and responsibilities of an ultrasound student. 
   • Define the Essentials and Guidelines of an Accredited Educational Program for the Sonographer and its purpose. 
   • State policies concerning communicable diseases and pregnancy for ultrasound students. 
   • Identify other health science professions which impact the total health care provided to ultrasound patients. 
   • Describe the relationship of ultrasound healthcare workers to the integrated care of patients. 
   • Identify key personnel and discuss their function in the ultrasound department. 
   • Define accreditation, credentialing, certification, licensure, and regulations associated with ultrasound.
   • Describe how JRCDMS “Essentials and Guidelines for an Accredited Educational Program for the Sonographer” relates to the ultrasound program. 
   • Explain the difference between the accreditation and credentialing processes, and identify agencies involved in each process associated with ultrasound. 
   • Describe purposes, functions, and activities of professional organizations associated with ultrasound. 
   • Identify international, national, state, and local organizations for the sonographer. 
   • Discuss general employment outlook and economic return for the sonography graduate. 
   • Discuss career advancement and opportunities for the sonographer. 
   • Identify benefits of continuing education of the sonographer. 
2. Assess and resolve ethical issues and dilemmas in health care. ^{App. B 2, e.1-11} 
   • Describe the major milestones in the development of codes of behavior and ethical standards in the healing arts. 
   • Identify the significance of healthcare professions. 
   • Recognize the moral, social, and cultural basis of the development of an ethic. 
   • Discuss the role of ethical behavior in healthcare delivery. 
   • Differentiate between empathetic and sympathetic involvement in relationships with patients.
   • Identify concepts of personal honesty, integrity, accountability, competence, and compassion as ethical imperatives in health care.
   • Recognize situations and conditions which give rise to ethical dilemmas in health care. 
   • Discuss the legal implications of professional liability, malpractice, professional negligence/carelessness, and other legal doctrines applicable to professional practice. 
   • Discuss the significance of accurate, complete, and correct methods of medical record keeping as a legal/ethical imperative.
   • Articulate responses to theoretical situations and questions relating to the ethics of care and healthcare delivery.
3. Identify legal responsibilities related to the scope of practice for sonography. ^{App. B 2, g. 1-4} 
   • Define the scope of practice for the diagnostic medical sonographer. 
   • Identify the requirements of the sonographer according to the scope of practice. 
4. Describe clinical practice standards in diagnostic ultrasound. ^{App. B m.1-6} 
   • Identify patient history and correlate with the sonographic procedure requested. 
   • Determine patient ability to tolerate the sonographic procedure. 
   • Evaluate any contraindications to the sonographic procedure such as medications, inappropriate patient preparation, or unwillingness of the patient to tolerate the sonographic procedure. 
   • Explain the sonography procedure to the patient and respond to patient questions. 
   • Refer specific diagnostic, treatment, or prognosis questions to the patient’s physician. 
   • Develop a procedure plan for the sonographic exam. 
   • Adapt the sonographic procedure plan to optimize exam results. 
   • Determine if contrast media will enhance image quality and provide additional diagnostic information.
   • Determine the need for additional accessory equipment or additional personnel.
   • Modify sonographic procedure plan according to patient disease process and circumstance under which the procedure must be performed (i.e., operating room, ultrasound room, patient bedside, or emergency room). 
   • Modify sonographic procedure plan according to patient physical and mental status during the exam. 
   • Perform basic patient care tasks. 
   • Analyze sonographic findings throughout the exam, and perform measurements to provide accurate diagnosis for treatment plan. 
   • Confirm that the sonographic exam complies with applicable protocols and guidelines. 
   • Document sonographic exam results. 
   • Notify the appropriate healthcare provider when immediate medical attention is necessary. 
   • Provide a written summary of preliminary sonographic findings.
   • Implement quality assurance within the ultrasound department. 
5. Maintain patient care. ^{App. B 2, c.1-4} 
   • Work in partnership with other healthcare professionals. 
   • Maintain appropriate professional credentials. 
   • Provide a diagnostic sonographic exam for the patient by applying professional judgment and discretion.
   • Maintain continuing medical education on current issues in sonography. 
   • Identify personal strengths and use them to benefit patients, coworkers, and the profession. 
   • Perform diagnostic sonographic procedures in supervised clinical experiences. 
   • Communicate effectively with all members of the healthcare team. 
   • Maintain patient confidentiality.
   • Utilize standard precautions. 
6. Demonstrate achievement of clinical competency through the performance of the requirements to provide optimal patient care through the use ultrasound equipment and accessory items. ^{App. B 2, n. 1-10} 
   • Use of proper ergonomics 
   • Safety and infection control 
   • Obtain clinical history and utilize information properly
   • Oral and written communication 
   • Demonstrate use of ultrasound equipment. 
   • Scan and document findings in the ultrasound lab settings. 
   • Produce optimum ultrasound images. 
   • Identify ultrasound scanning techniques. 
   • Use proper gain controls to produce optimum diagnostic ultrasound images.
   • Use proper Doppler controls to produce diagnostic ultrasound images
   • ALARA 
   • Document total ultrasound scanning time in each procedure. 
   • Discuss the required images for ultrasound abdominal scanning. 
   • Discuss the required ultrasound images for gynecological scanning. 
7. Demonstrate knowledge and application of ergonomic techniques. ^{App. B 2, a.1-5} 
   • Industry standards and OSHA guidelines 
   • Types of work-related musculoskeletal disorders 
   • Role of Administration in the prevention of MSI 
   • Role of Sonographer in the prevention of MSI 
   • Best practices for prevention 
     • Daily exercises in the workplace 
     • Neutral posture 
     • Patient transfer and assistance 
     • Patient positioning 
     • Equipment and accessories 
     • Supports, tools, and devices 
     • Transducer grip and pressure 
     • Schedules/Workload
     • Workstation/work area(s) 
8. Demonstrate knowledge and application of types and methods of infection control. ^{App. B 2, b. 1-17} 
   • Personal and patient 
     • Standard precautions 
     • Isolation procedures 
     • Aseptic and sterile technique 
   • Environment 
     • Equipment 
     • Transducer cleaning and disinfection 
     • Accessories 
9. Demonstrate knowledge and application of patient care. ^{App. B 2, n. 1-10.} 
   • Compliance with program and clinical education facility policies and procedures 
   • Patient Care Partnership 
   • Patient directives 
   • Anticipate and be able to respond to the needs of the patient 
     • Demonstrate age-related and cultural competency 
     • Demonstrate appropriate patient care in settings outside of the sonography department. 
   • Transport and transfer of patients with support equipment 
     • Oxygen 
     • Intravenous lines/pumps 
     • Urinary catheters 
     • Drainage tubes 
   • Vital signs 
   • Color 
   • Skin integrity
   • Clinical history
   • Proper patient positioning and draping 
   • Comfort 
   • Privacy 
   • IV insertion and injection with use of contrast-enhanced imaging 
   • Basic pharmacology as related to the concentration 
   • Post interventional procedure care and discharge
   • Life-threatening situations and implement emergency care as permitted by institutional policy, including the following: 
     • Pertinent patient care procedures 
     • Principles of psychological support 
     • Emergency conditions and procedures 
     • First aid and resuscitation techniques 
   • Reporting and documentation of incidents and/or adverse reactions 
10. Demonstrate knowledge of the roles and responsibilities of healthcare professions to effectively communicate and collaborate in the healthcare environment. ^{App. B 2, d. 1-3} 
    • Team development 
    • Conflict resolution 
    • Interprofessional communication and education
11. Demonstrate knowledge of medical ethics and law. ^{App B,2. e} 
    • Patient's right to privacy based on applicable legal and regulatory standards 
    • HIPAA
    • Electronic documentation and transmission 
    • Terminology related to ethics, values, and morals 
    • Types of law
    • Risk management 
    • Medical malpractice liability coverage 
    • Informed consent 
    • Documentation of clinical incidents
    • Professional scope of practice and clinical standards 
    • Professional code of ethics 
12. Demonstrate knowledge of medical and sonographic terminology. ^{App B,2. f} 
    • Definitions, abbreviations, symbols, terms, and phrases 
    • Correlating diagnostic and imaging procedures 
    • Sonographic appearances 
13. Demonstrate awareness of resources for professional development. ^{App B,2.m} 
    • Professional organizations and resources 
    • Professional journals and on-line resources 
    • Continuing education conferences 
    • Clinical conferences, lectures, and in-house educational offerings 
    • Recent developments in sonography
    • Research statistics and design

CAAHEP Standards and Guidelines for the Accreditation of Educational Programs in Diagnostic Medical Sonography updated 2021, Appendix B

DMS 1213 Sectional Anatomy

Description

This course provides students with ultrasound appearance of abdominal and pelvic sectional anatomy. It includes a description of gross sectional anatomy and identification of sonographic appearance of normal anatomy.

Hour Breakdown

Semester Credit Hours	Lecture	Lab	Contact Hours
3	3	0	45

Prerequisite

Instructor Approved

Student Learning Outcomes

1. Describe the anatomy, physiology, and sonographic appearance of abdominal structures in cross-sectional longitudinal and transverse planes. ^{App. B 3, a. 1-15} 
   • Describe the anatomy and sonographic appearance of the abdominal aorta. 
   • Describe the anatomy and sonographic appearance of the inferior vena cava. 
   • Describe the anatomy and sonographic appearance of the liver. 
   • Describe the anatomy and sonographic appearance of the gallbladder and biliary system.
   • Describe the anatomy and sonographic appearance of the spleen. 
   • Describe the anatomy and sonographic appearance of kidneys. 
   • Describe the anatomy and sonographic appearance of the pancreas. 
   • Describe the anatomy and sonographic appearance of the abdominal wall 
   • Describe the anatomy and sonographic appearance of the adrenal glands 
   • Describe the anatomy and sonographic appearance of the Gastrointestinal tract
   • Describe the anatomy and sonographic appearance of the Lung/pleura 
   • Describe the anatomy and sonographic appearance of the Peritoneal and retroperitonal cavities 
   • Describe the anatomy and sonographic appearance of the spleen. 
   • Label abdominal structures on sonographic images in both longitudinal and transverse planes. 
2. Describe the anatomy, physiology, and sonographic appearance of female pelvic structures in cross-sectional longitudinal and transverse planes. 
   • Describe the anatomy and sonographic appearance of the uterus and pelvic cavity.
   • Describe the anatomy and sonographic appearance of ovaries. 
   • Label female pelvic structures on sonographic images in both longitudinal and transverse planes. 
3. Describe the anatomy, physiology, and sonographic appearance of obstetrical structures in longitudinal and transverse planes. 
   • Describe the anatomy and sonographic appearance of the pregnant uterus, placenta, cervix, ovaries, and associated structures.
   • Describe the anatomy and sonographic appearance of a fetus during pregnancy. 
   • Label obstetrical structures on sonographic images in both longitudinal and transverse planes. 
4. Describe the anatomy, physiology, and sonographic appearance of small parts in cross-sectional longitudinal and transverse planes. 
   • Describe the anatomy and sonographic appearance of adrenal glands. 
   • Describe the anatomy and sonographic appearance of the thyroid, parathyroid, and breasts. 
   • Describe the anatomy and sonographic appearance of the prostate, penis and scrotum. 
   • Label small parts on sonographic images in both longitudinal and transverse planes. 
5. Describe sonographic appearance of the vascular system in cross sectional longitudinal and transverse planes. 
   • Describe the anatomy and sonographic appearance of carotid arteries. 
   • Describe the anatomy and sonographic appearance of the peripheral arterial and venous systems. 
   • Label vascular systems on sonographic image sin both longitudinal and transverse planes.

CAAHEP Standards and Guidelines for the Accreditation of Educational Programs in Diagnostic Medical Sonography updated 2021, Appendix B

DMS 1313 Ultrasound Physics and Instrumentation I

Description

In- depth presentation of basic principles of diagnostic medical ultrasound physics and instrumentation. Doppler sonography will be included. Descriptions of diagnostic ultrasound transducers and ultrasound interaction with human tissue will be presented.

Hour Breakdown

Semester Credit Hours	Lecture	Lab	Contact Hours
3	2	2	60

Prerequisite

Instructor Approved

Student Learning Outcomes

1. Discuss elementary principles of diagnostic medical sonography physics. ^{App. B.2.j.1, 2} 
   • Discuss the nature of ultrasound. 
   • Describe frequency, wavelength, and propagation speed as associated with ultrasound.
   • Describe the properties of ultrasound waves. 
   • Describe decibel notation in relation to ultrasound. 
   • Describe physical units associated with diagnostic ultrasound.
   • Describe measurement dimensions used in diagnostic ultrasound. 
   • Describe propagation of ultrasound through tissues.
   • Describe the speed of sound through human tissues. 
   • Describe reflection of ultrasound within human tissues.
   • Describe refraction of ultrasound within human tissues. 
   • Describe attenuation of ultrasound within human tissues. 
   • Describe the useful range of frequencies in diagnostic ultrasound.
   • Describe terminology of ultrasound image characteristics. 
2. Describe the function of ultrasound transducers. ^{App. B.2.j.3.} 
3. Describe the piezoelectric effect. ^{App. B.2.j.4} 
   • Describe the piezoelectric effect.
   • Identify transducer construction and characteristics. 
   • Describe ultrasound beam formation. 
   • Describe axial resolution of ultrasound beams. 
   • Describe lateral resolution of ultrasound beams. 
   • Describe slice thickness of ultrasound beams. 
   • Describe focusing methods of ultrasound transducers. 
   • Describe transducer arrays and image appearance of ultrasound transducers. 
   • Describe ultrasound transducer care and maintenance. 
4. Demonstrate knowledge and application of image production and optimization. ^{App. B.2.j.1-5} 
   • Sound production and propagation. 
   • Interaction of sound and matter. 
   • Instrument options and transducer selection. 
   • Principles of ultrasound instruments and modes of operation. 
   • Operator control options.

CAAHEP Standards and Guidelines for the Accreditation of Educational Programs in Diagnostic Medical Sonography updated 2021, Appendix B

DMS 1323 Ultrasound Physics and Instrumentation II

Description

A continuation of Ultrasound Physics and Instrumentation I (DMS 1313). This class includes in- depth presentation of basic principles of diagnostic medical ultrasound physics and instrumentation. Doppler sonography will be included. Description of diagnostic ultrasound transducers and ultrasound interaction with human tissue will be presented.

Hour Breakdown

Semester Credit Hours	Lecture	Lab	Contact Hours
3	2	2	60

Prerequisite

Instructor Approved

Student Learning Outcomes

1. Describe images, storage, and display methods used in diagnostic medical ultrasound. ^{App. B.2.j.14} 
   • Describe the role of the scan converter in diagnostic ultrasound imaging.
   • Describe digital devices used in diagnostic ultrasound equipment. 
   • Describe pre- and post-processing functions of diagnostic medical ultrasound equipment. 
   • Describe the display devices used with diagnostic medical ultrasound equipment. 
   • Describe recording and archiving techniques employed in diagnostic medical ultrasound. 
2. Describe Doppler instrumentation of diagnostic medical ultrasound. ^{App. B.2.j.6-9.} 
   • Describe hemodynamics. 
   • Describe the physical principles of Doppler ultrasound imaging. 
   • Describe continuous and pulsed wave Doppler instrumentation in diagnostic medical ultrasound. 
   • Describe color flow imaging in diagnostic ultrasound. 
   • Describe color power mode imaging in diagnostic ultrasound. 
3. Discuss ultrasound artifacts. ^{App. B.2.j.11.} 
   • Define artifacts in ultrasound imaging.
   • Describe artifacts associated with resolution of ultrasound waves in human tissues. 
   • Describe ultrasound artifacts associated with propagation of ultrasound waves inhuman tissues.
   • Describe ultrasound artifacts associated with attenuation of ultrasound waves in human tissues. 
   • Describe artifacts associated with Doppler and color flow instrumentation in diagnostic ultrasound.
   • Describe artifacts caused by electronic noise and equipment malfunction in diagnostic ultrasound. 
   • Describe the effects of artifacts on measurements in diagnostic ultrasound. 
   • Perform performance and safety standards for ultrasound equipment. 
   • Discuss general concepts regarding the need for quality assurance in diagnostic ultrasound. 
   • Discuss methods for evaluating ultrasound instrument performance.
   • Identify parameters to be evaluated in quality assurance of diagnostic medical ultrasound equipment. 
   • Describe preventative maintenance of diagnostic ultrasound equipment.
   • Describe record keeping techniques involved with quality assurance in diagnostic ultrasound. 
   • Discuss statistical indices associated with diagnostic ultrasound. 
4. Describe bio effects and safety of diagnostic ultrasound. ^{App. B.2.k. 1-4.} 
   • Describe acoustic output quantities of diagnostic ultrasound. 
   • Describe acoustic labeling standards for diagnostic ultrasound equipment. 
   • Describe acoustic exposure of diagnostic ultrasound. 
   • Describe primary mechanisms of biological effects of diagnostic ultrasound. 
   • Describe experimental biological effect studies of diagnostic ultrasound. 
   • Describe guidelines and regulations of diagnostic ultrasound equipment use. 
   • Describe electrical and mechanical hazards associated with diagnostic ultrasound equipment.
5. Perform performance and safety standards for ultrasound equipment. ^{App. B.2.l. 1-3.} 
   • Discuss general concepts regarding the need for quality assurance in diagnostic ultrasound. 
   • Discuss methods for evaluating ultrasound instrument performance. 
   • Identify parameters to be evaluated in quality assurance of diagnostic medical ultrasound equipment. 
   • Describe preventative maintenance of diagnostic ultrasound equipment. 
   • Describe record keeping techniques involved with quality assurance in diagnostic 
6. Demonstrate knowledge and application of image production and optimization. ^{App. B.2.j. 10-13.} 
   • Sound production and propagation 
   • Interaction of sound and matter 
   • Instrument options and transducer selection 
   • Principles of ultrasound instruments and modes of operation 
   • Operator control options 
   • Physics of Doppler 
   • Principles of Doppler techniques 
   • Methods of Doppler flow analysis
   • Hemodynamics of blood flow 
   • Contrast-enhanced imaging 
   • Acoustic artifacts 
   • Emerging technologies 
   • Image storage devices 
7. Demonstrate knowledge and application of biological effects. ^{App B,2. k 1-4} 
   • In-vitro and in-vivo ultrasound effects 
   • Exposure/equipment display indices 
   • Generally accepted maximum safe exposure levels 
   • ALARA principle 
     • Mechanisms that affect the mechanical and thermal indices 
     • Techniques to decrease the mechanical and thermal indices 
8. Demonstrate knowledge of a quality control and improvement program. ^{App B,2. l 1-3} 
   • Lab accreditation 
   • Credentialing organizations 
   • Equipment operation and maintenance 
     • Phantom testing 
     • Records maintenance 
9. Demonstrate awareness of resources for professional development. ^{App B. 2, m 1-6} 
   • Professional organizations and resources 
   • Professional journals and on-line resources 
   • Continuing education conferences 
   • Clinical conferences, lectures, and in-house educational offerings
   • Recent developments in sonography 
   • Research statistics and design

CAAHEP Standards and Guidelines for the Accreditation of Educational Programs in Diagnostic Medical Sonography updated 2021, Appendix B

DMS 1415 Clinical Experience I

Description

This class includes clinical instruction in the scanning lab and in clinical site institutions. Students will first receive hands-on experience in the scanning lab and in clinical site rotations.

Hour Breakdown

Semester Credit Hours	Lecture	Lab	Contact Hours
5	0	15	225

Prerequisite

Instructor Approved

Student Learning Outcomes

1. Obtain scanning experience in the program scanning lab. ^{App. B.2.} 
   • Describe the ultrasound machine and accessories. 
   • Discuss ergonomically correct scanning techniques. 
   • Obtain ultrasound images. 
   • Operate ultrasound equipment. 
   • Discuss protocols for sonographic procedures at clinical sites. 
   • Develop a personal log of ultrasound exams performed/observed/assisted. 
   • Document guidelines for reporting diagnostic sonographic findings. 
   • Perform a mock sonographic exam. 
2. Apply knowledge of ultrasound procedures in clinical site rotation. 
   • Observe sonographers at clinical affiliates. 
   • Scan patients under the direct supervision of the sonographer. 
   • Demonstrate clinical site protocols for scanning, image documentation, record keeping, patient contact, and reporting procedures. 
   • Maintain a personal log of all ultrasound scans and procedures and the level of performance in each exam. 
3. Demonstrate tasks associated with sonographic procedures. ^{App. B.2.g.1- 4} 
   • Identify patient. 
   • Explain sonographic procedure to patient.
   • Obtain patient history pertinent to ultrasound exam. 
   • Place patient in correct position(s) for a given sonographic procedure. 
   • Select ultrasound equipment to be used. 
   • Select proper scanning protocol for sonographic procedure. 
   • Image and measure specific areas of interest with ultrasound. 
   • Evaluate patient positioning and need for additional ultrasound imaging. 
   • Document sonographic diagnostic images.
   • Demonstrate written and oral responses regarding ultrasound images. 
   • Dismiss patient after ultrasound exam is complete.
   • Document sonographic exam results in proper logs. 
   • Prepare room for next sonographic exam.
   • Maintain standard precautions. 
4. Perform clinical application skills for sonographic procedures (under direct supervision) of the abdominal wall and peritoneal space, gallbladder and biliary system, liver, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, and abdominal vascular structures. ^{App. B.2.g-l.} 
   • Perform routine sonographic exam of the abdominal wall and peritoneal space. 
   • Perform routine sonographic exam of the gallbladder and biliary system. 
   • Perform routine sonographic exam of the liver, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys. 
   • Perform routine sonographic exam of abdominal vascular structures. 
5. Demonstrate achievement of clinical competency through the performance of the requirements to provide quality patient care and optimal examination outcome. Clinical competencies must include evaluation and documentation of: ^{App. B.2.n.1-10; App.B3. a.1. a-m, and b. 1. a, c, d, e, f, g, h, I, j, k, l, m}. 
   • Identification of anatomical and relational structures 
   • Differentiation of normal from pathological/disease process
   • Image optimization techniques in grayscale 
   • Image optimization techniques in Doppler (where applicable)
   • Measurement techniques 
   • Abdominal competencies 
     • Complete abdominal examination 
     • Limited abdominal examination 
       • Aorta/IVC 
       • Biliary system 
       • Liver 
       • Pancreas 
       • Spleen 
       • Kidneys 
       • Bladder 
       • Pleural space 
       • Sonographic guided procedure (assistance)

CAAHEP Standards and Guidelines for the Accreditation of Educational Programs in Diagnostic Medical Sonography updated 2021, Appendix B

DMS 1426 Clinical Experience II

Description

This course includes clinical practice and instruction in a clinical rotation site.

Hour Breakdown

Semester Credit Hours	Lecture	Lab	Contact Hours
6	0	18	270

Prerequisite

Instructor Approved

Student Learning Outcomes

1. Demonstrate tasks associated with sonographic procedures. ^{App. B.2.g.1-4.} 
   • Identify patient. 
   • Explain sonographic procedure to patient. 
   • Obtain patient history pertinent to ultrasound exam. 
   • Place patient in correct position(s) for a given sonographic procedure. 
   • Select ultrasound equipment to be used. 
   • Select proper scanning protocol for sonographic procedure. 
   • Image and measure specific areas of interest with ultrasound. 
   • Evaluate patient positioning and need for additional ultrasound imaging. 
   • Document sonographic diagnostic images. 
   • Demonstrate written and oral responses regarding ultrasound images.
   • Dismiss patient after ultrasound exam is complete.
   • Document sonographic exam results in proper logs. 
   • Prepare room for next sonographic exam. 
   • Maintain standard precautions. 
2. Under direct supervision, perform clinical application skills and demonstrate clinical competency in for sonographic procedures according to practice parameters established by national professional organizations and the protocol of the clinical affiliate for first, second, and third trimester pregnancy; female pelvis; breast; male pelvis thyroid, lung and pleura, and musculoskeletal structures. Clinical competencies must include evaluation and documentation. ^{App. B.2.n.1-10; App.B3. a.1. a-m, and b. 1. a, c, d, e, f, g, h, I, j, k, l, m. and App. B.7.a-g.} 
   • Perform routine sonographic exam for first trimester pregnancy. 
   • Perform routine sonographic exam for second trimester pregnancy. 
   • Perform routine sonographic exam for third trimester pregnancy. 
   • Perform routine sonographic exam of the female pelvis. 
   • Perform routine sonographic exam of the breast
   • Perform routine sonographic exam of the male pelvis. 
   • Perform routine sonographic exam of the thyroid. 
   • Perform routine sonographic exam of the lung and pleura. 
   • Perform routine sonographic exam of musculoskeletal structures. 
3. Under direct supervision, demonstrate clinical competency in routine abdomen sonographic procedures. ^{App. B.2.n.1-10; App.B3. a.1. a-m, and b. 1. a, c, d, e, f, g, h, I, j, k, l, m.} 
   • Perform routine sonographic exam of the gallbladder and biliary system. 
   • Perform routine sonographic exam of the liver, pancreas, and spleen.
   • Perform routine sonographic exam of abdominal vascular structures. 
   • complete abdominal examination 
   • limited abdominal examination
4. Demonstrate achievement of clinical competency through the performance of the requirements to provide quality patient care and optimal examination outcome. Clinical competencies must include evaluation and documentation of: ^{App. B.2.n.1-10.} 
   • Use of proper ergonomics 
   • Safety and infection control 
   • Obtain clinical history and utilize information appropriately 
   • Oral and written communication 
   • Image optimization techniques 
   • ALARA 
   • Professionalism 
   • Document sonographic findings for communication with interpreting physician
   • Finalize examination for permanent storage 
   • Process for reporting of critical findings 
5. Demonstrate knowledge in sonographic guided procedures. ^{App. B.3.c.1-7.} 
   • Role of sonographer 
   • Clinical information 
   • Informed consent 
   • Procedural time out 
   • Transducer guidance 
   • Sterile setup 
   • Pre-and post-procedural documentation 
6. Evaluate scanning protocol and modification(s) based on the sonographic findings and the differential diagnoses. ^{App. B.3.d.1-6.} 
   • Indications and contraindications 
   • History and physical examination 
   • Related imaging, laboratory, and functional testing procedures 
   • Clinical differential diagnosis 
   • Contrast-enhanced imaging
   • Role of sonography in patient management 
7. Document proficiency in the scanning technique and application for: ^{App. B.3.e.1-2} 
   • Abdominal vascular Doppler assessment 
     • Hepatic 
     • Mesenteric 
     • Renal
   • Gastrointestinal tract assessment

CAAHEP Standards and Guidelines for the Accreditation of Educational Programs in Diagnostic Medical Sonography updated 2021, Appendix B

DMS 1435  Clinical Experience III

Description

This course is a clinical practice and instruction in a clinical affiliate. Areas included are patient care and management, operation of equipment, and sonographic procedures.

Hour Breakdown

Semester Credit Hours	Lecture	Lab	Contact Hours
5	0	15	225

Prerequisite

Instructor Approved

Student Learning Outcomes

1. Perform clinical application skills for sonographic procedures (with indirect supervision) for the gallbladder and biliary system, liver, pancreas, spleen, kidney, abdominal vascular structures, abdominal wall, and peritoneal space. ^{App. B.2.n., App.B.3f.1-7, App. B.7.g.1-8.} 
   • Perform routine sonographic exam of the gallbladder and biliary system. 
   • Perform routine sonographic exam of the liver, pancreas, spleen, and kidney. 
   • Perform routine sonographic exam of abdominal vascular structures. 
   • Perform routine sonographic exam of the abdominal wall and peritoneal space. 
2. Perform clinical application skills for sonographic procedures for first, second, and third trimester pregnancy. ^{App. B.7.g.1-8} 
   • Perform routine sonographic exam for first trimester pregnancy. 
   • Perform routine sonographic exam for second trimester pregnancy. 
   • Perform routine sonographic exam for third trimester pregnancy. 
3. Perform clinical application skills for sonographic procedures for the female pelvis, breast, male pelvis, thyroid lung and pleura, and musculoskeletal structures. ^{App. B.2.n., App.B.3f.1-7} 
   • Perform routine sonographic exam of the female pelvis. 
   • Perform routine sonographic exam of the breast. 
   • Perform routine sonographic exam of the male pelvis. 
   • Perform routine sonographic exam of the thyroid. 
   • Perform routine sonographic exam of the lung and pleura. 
   • Perform routine sonographic exam of musculoskeletal structures. 
4. Obtain, evaluate, document, and communicate relevant information related to sonographic examinations. 
   • Clinical information and historical facts from the patient and the medical records, which may impact the diagnostic examination. 
     • Clinical signs and symptoms
     • Laboratory tests 
     • Imaging and diagnostic procedures 
     • Oral and/or written summary of sonographic findings. 
   • Deviation from practice parameters for the sonographic examination as required by patient history or initial findings 
   • Changes from a previous examination 
   • Examination findings that require an immediate clinical response and notify the interpreting physician. 
5. Demonstrate achievement of clinical competency through the performance of the Sonographic examination of an Abdomen Complete, according to clinical practice parameters established by national professional organizations and the protocol of the clinical affiliate to provide quality patient care and optimal examination outcome. Clinical competencies must include evaluation and documentation of: ^{App. B.2.-n.} 
   • Use of proper ergonomics 
   • Safety and infection control 
   • Obtain clinical history and utilize information appropriately 
   • Oral and written communication 
   • Image optimization techniques 
   • ALARA 
   • Professionalism 
   • Document sonographic findings for communication with interpreting physician
   • Finalize examination for permanent storage
   • Process for reporting of critical findings

CAAHEP Standards and Guidelines for the Accreditation of Educational Programs in Diagnostic Medical Sonography updated 2021, Appendix B

DMS 1513 Abdominal Sonography

Description

This class covers the presentation of pathology/pathophysiology of normal abdominal anatomy including liver, kidneys, spleen, gallbladder, pancreas, and vascular structures associated with organs, as well as the abdominal cavities, retroperitoneal space, lung and pleura, the lung/pleura, and the lymphatic system. Normal and abnormal changes, pathology and laboratory values are presented.

Hour Breakdown

Semester Credit Hours	Lecture	Lab	Contact Hours
3	3	0	45

Prerequisite

Instructor Approved

Student Learning Outcomes

1. Describe pathology/pathophysiology of abdominal cavity structures as presented on the sonographic exams. ^{App.B.3. b.1.} 
   • Describe sonographic appearance of the abdominal wall and any associated pathology. 
   • Describe sonographic appearance of the peritoneal cavity and any related pathology. 
   • Describe the sonographic appearance of abdominal vascular structures and related pathology. 
   • Describe the sonographic appearance of the lung/pleura and associated pathology.
2. Describe pathology/pathophysiology of the liver and associated vascular structures as presented on the sonographic exams. ^{App.B.3. b.1. and e.1-2} 
   • Discuss the development, location, size, vascular structures, and normal sonographic appearance of the liver and associated vascular and pathologic structures.
   • Recognize the lobes of the liver sonographically. 
   • Recognize anatomic variations of the liver and associated vascular and pathologic structures sonographically. 
   • Discuss liver function tests and the relationship of these to sonographic examinations. 
   • Describe patient preparation, breathing instructions, positioning, scanning techniques, and pitfalls for sonography procedures involving the liver and associated vascular pathologic structures. 
   • Identify sonographic appearance of liver diseases, vascular abnormalities, cysts, hematomas, abscesses, infections, metastases, neoplasms, and liver transplants. 
   • Discuss other imaging procedures of the liver and associated vascular and pathologic structures. 
3. Describe pathology/pathophysiology of the gallbladder and biliary system. ^{App.B.3. b.1.d} 
   • Discuss anatomy, variations, and physiology of the gallbladder and biliary system. 
   • Describe patient preparation, breathing instructions, and positioning for sonographic procedures involving the gallbladder and biliary system. 
   • Discuss indications, lab values, and the association with sonographic appearance for the gallbladder and biliary system. 
   • Describe sonographic appearance of variations of the gallbladder.
   • Describe acquired diseases of the gallbladder. 
   • Discuss other imaging procedures of the gallbladder and biliary system.
4. Describe pathology/pathophysiology of the pancreas. ^{App.B.3. b.1.dj} 
   • Discuss anatomy, location, and physiology of the pancreas. 
   • Describe sectional views of the pancreas sonographically. 
   • Discuss preparation and indications for pancreatic sonography. 
   • Discuss sonographic appearance of pancreatic pathology, neoplasm, inflammation, and other abnormal findings.
   • Discuss pancreatic transplants. 
   • Discuss related imaging procedures of the pancreas. 
5. Describe pathology/pathophysiology of the spleen. ^{App.B.3. b.1.l.}
   • Discuss normal anatomy, variations, and physiology of the spleen. 
   • Discuss the functions of the spleen. 
   • Demonstrate normal sonographic appearance of the spleen. 
   • Discuss ultrasound imaging techniques of the spleen. 
   • Identify sonographic appearance of splenic diseases, cysts, abscesses, infarcts, trauma, rupture, hematomas, calcifications, hemangiomas, and other abnormalities. 
6. Describe pathology/pathophysiology of the renal system. ^{App.B.3. b.1.m.}
   • Discuss normal anatomy, variations, and physiology of the renal system. 
   • Demonstrate normal sonographic appearance of the renal system. 
   • Discuss ultrasound imaging techniques of the renal system. 
   • Discuss sonographic appearance of renal system diseases, cysts, abscesses, trauma, calcifications, and other renal system pathology as well as laboratory values. 
   • Discuss ultrasound procedures of renal transplants. 
   • Describe sonographic appearance of pathology/pathophysiology of the adrenal glands. 
7. Describe pathology/pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract. ^{App.B.3. b.1.e.} 
   • Discuss location, anatomy, and physiology of the intestinal tract. 
   • Demonstrate sonographic appearance of a normal and an abnormal bowel. 
   • Describe appearance of the appendix on ultrasound. 
   • Discuss ultrasound appearance of gastric and bowel obstruction and fluid collections 
8. Identify and evaluate anatomic structures. ^{App.B.3.a.1-2} 
   • Sectional anatomy 
   • Relational anatomy
   • Normal sonographic appearances of organs, muscles, tissue, vascular and skeletal structures 
   • Differentiation of normal from abnormal sonographic findings. 
9. Demonstrate knowledge of disease processes with application to sonographic technique, measurements and Doppler patterns, where applicable. ^App.B.3.b.
   • Iatrogenic 
   • Degenerative 
   • Inflammatory 
   • Traumatic 
   • Neoplastic
   • Infectious
   • Obstructive 
   • Congenital 
   • Metabolic
   • Immunologic

CAAHEP Standards and Guidelines for the Accreditation of Educational Programs in Diagnostic Medical Sonography updated 2021, Appendix B

DMS 1524 Obstetrical and Gynecological Sonography

Description

This class discusses female anatomy and obstetrical sonographic examinations, physiology and pathology. Sonographic appearance of the female pelvis pre-menopausal through post-menopausal and evaluation of pregnancy from conception to delivery will be discussed. Evaluating infertility, breast sonography, and related laboratory values, as well as other imaging procedures, will be included.

Hour Breakdown

Semester Credit Hours	Lecture	Lab	Contact Hours
4	3	2	75

Prerequisite

Instructor Approved

Student Learning Outcomes

1. Discuss ultrasound applications in obstetrical exams during the first trimester of pregnancy ^{App. B.7.a and b.} 
   • Describe embryonic development. 
   • Describe ultrasound evaluation of first trimester pregnancy.
   • Determine fetal age in the first trimester of pregnancy with ultrasound measurements.
   • Define fetal life sonographically. 
   • Discuss laboratory tests utilized in first trimester pregnancies. 
   • Discuss abnormal first trimester pregnancies and correlate with ultrasound. 
   • Discuss clinical indications for ultrasound during the first trimester of pregnancy. 
   • Discuss transducer selection and patient preparation for first trimester ultrasound exam. 
   • Discuss the sonographer’s role in talking with the patient and discussing sonographic results.
   • Explain reporting sonographic results and sonographic videotaping procedures. 
2. Describe ultrasound applications in obstetrical exams during the second and third trimester of pregnancy. ^{App. B.7.b.2.c-f.} 
   • Discuss normal fetal development during second and third trimesters of pregnancy. 
   • Discuss normal fetal ultrasound appearance in second and third trimesters of pregnancy.
   • Discuss ultrasound fetal measurements in second and third trimesters of pregnancy.
   • Discuss amniotic fluid measurements with ultrasound. 
   • Explain intrauterine growth restriction.
   • Explain placental development. 
   • Discuss how maternal illness affects the developing fetus. 
   • Discuss genetic studies. 
   • Discuss fetal abnormalities seen on ultrasound examinations. 
   • Discuss multiple gestations. 
   • Discuss the biophysical fetal profile. 
   • Discuss clinical indications for ultrasound examination in second and third trimesters of pregnancy. 
   • Discuss the sonographer’s role in patient reporting and videotaping. 
   • Discuss the postpartum appearance of the uterus on ultrasound exams. 
   • Discuss intrauterine fetal therapy. 
   • Discuss the role of the sonographer in invasive/interventional procedures. 
3. Describe gynecological ultrasound evaluations ^{App. B.7.a} 
   • Describe normal pelvic anatomy. 
   • Identify normal sonographic appearance of the female pelvis. 
   • Identify sonographic appearance of congenital uterine malformations, ovarian masses, endometriosis, polycystic ovarian disease, pelvic inflammatory disease, and associated pathologies. 
   • Discuss the role of sonography in the assessment of the infertility patient. 
   • Discuss differential diagnosis of sonographic pelvic masses. 
   • Identify uterine and ovarian disorders and masses sonographically. 
   • Identify the sonographic appearance of contraceptive devices. 
4. Obtain, evaluate, document, and communicate relevant information related to sonographic examinations of Transabdominal Gyn, Transvaginal Gyn, First Trimester, Second Trimester and Third Trimester OB. ^{App. B.7.f.1-5} 
   • Clinical information and historical facts from the patient and the medical records, which may impact the diagnostic examination. 
   • Clinical signs and symptoms 
   • Laboratory tests 
   • Imaging and diagnostic procedures. 
5. Oral and/or written summary of sonographic findings. ^{App. B.7.f. 1-5} 
   • Deviation from practice parameters for the sonographic examination as required by patient 
   • history or initial findings 
   • Changes from a previous examination 
   • Examination findings that require an immediate clinical response and notify the interpreting physician. 
6. Demonstrate achievement of clinical competency through the performance of the Sonographic examination of an Abdomen Complete, according to clinical practice parameters established by national professional organizations and the protocol of the clinical affiliate to provide quality patient care and optimal examination outcome. Clinical competencies must include evaluation and documentation of: ^{App. B.2.n. 1-10} 
   • Use of proper ergonomics. 
   • Safety and infection control 
   • Obtain clinical history and utilize information appropriately. 
   • Oral and written communication 
   • Image optimization techniques 
   • ALARA 
   • Professionalism 
   • Document sonographic findings for communication with interpreting physician
   • Finalize examination for permanent storage 
   • Process for reporting of critical findings 
7. Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the role of the sonographer in performing interventional/invasive/advanced procedures. ^{App. B.7.e. 1-7} 
   • Infertility procedures 
   • Amniocentesis 
   • Chorionic villus sampling 
   • Fetal therapy 
   • Nuchal translucency 
   • Sonohysterography 
   • Three-dimensional obstetric and gynecologic sonography 
8. Evaluate scanning protocol and modification(s) based on the sonographic findings and the differential diagnoses. ^{App. B7. f. 1-5} 
   • Indications and contraindications 
   • History and physical examination 
   • Related imaging, laboratory, and functional testing procedures 
   • Clinical differential diagnosis 
   • Role of sonography in patient management 
9. Demonstrate achievement of clinical competency through the performance of sonographic examinations of the gravid and non-gravid pelvis with both transabdominal and endocavitary transducers, and Doppler/M-mode display modes, according to practice parameters established by national professional organizations and the protocol of the clinical affiliate. Clinical competencies must include evaluation and documentation of: ^{App. B7. g.1-8.} 
   • Identification of anatomical and related structures 
   • Differentiation of normal from pathological/disease process 
   • Image optimization techniques in grayscale
   • Image optimization techniques in Doppler and M-mode (where applicable)
   • Knowledge and application of ALARA 
   • Measurements as applicable 
   • Gynecology competencies
     • Complete pelvic sonogram 
     • Vagina/cervix/uterus 
     • Posterior and anterior cul-de-sac 
     • Adnexa, including ovaries and fallopian tubes 
   • Obstetrical competencies 
     • First-trimester obstetric structures: 
       • Gestational sac 
       • Embryonic pole 
       • Yolk sac 
       • Fetal cardiac activity 
       • Placenta 
       • Uterus 
       • Cervix 
       • Adnexa
       • Pelvic spaces 
     • Second- and Third-trimester fetal and maternal structures 
       • Intracranial anatomy b
       • Face 
       • Thoracic cavity 
       • Heart 
         • Position and size
         • Four-chamber view 
     • LVOT and RVOT views 
     • Three-vessel and three-vessel tracheal views 
       • Abdomen 
       • Abdominal wall 
       • Spine 
       • Extremities 
       • Amniotic fluid 
       • Placenta 
       • Umbilical cord 
       • Fetal cardiac activity 
       • Maternal cervical length 
       • Maternal adnexa 
     • Biophysical profile

CAAHEP Standards and Guidelines for the Accreditation of Educational Programs in Diagnostic Medical Sonography updated 2021, Appendix B

DMS 1533 Advanced Sonographic Procedures

Description

Neurosonology (neonatal/infant head, neonatal/infant spine), infant hips, non-vascular sonography of extremities (musculoskeletal) and vascular technology will be discussed. Superficial structures scanning including prostate, penis, thyroid, scrotum, breast, organ transplant, interventional procedures, and lung and pleura will be included.

Hour Breakdown

Semester Credit Hours	Lecture	Lab	Contact Hours
3	3	0	45

Prerequisite

Instructor Approved

Student Learning Outcomes

1. Describe pathology/pathophysiology of the thyroid, parathyroid, and vascular structures in the neck. ^{App. B.3.a.2.c.} 
   • Discuss sonographic indications and laboratory values associated with the thyroid.
   • Discuss related imaging procedures for thyroid, parathyroid, and vascular structures of the neck. 
   • Recognize cysts, masses, hematomas, and other pathology sonographically. 
   • Discuss sonographic protocols and procedures for thyroid, parathyroid, and vascular structures of the neck. 
   • Document patient history and physical findings.
   • Communicate sonographic findings and verbal history given by the patient to physician. 
   • Identify vascular structures in the neck sonographically.
   • Document blood flow, intravasculature structures, and pathology sonographically. 
2. Identify normal anatomy of the prostate sonographically. ^{App. B.3.a.2.g} 
   • Discuss the sonographic indications and laboratory values associated with the prostate 
   • List prostate laboratory values and patient history. 
   • Identify prostate scanning techniques and protocols. 
   • Identify sonographic images of masses, cysts, abscesses, parenchymal disease, and benign hypertrophy. 
   • Document patient history and physical findings pertinent to ultrasound exam of prostate. 
3. Identify normal anatomy, pathology/pathophysiology and the appearance of the scrotum sonographically. ^{App. B.3.a.2.h.} 
   • Discuss scrotal scanning techniques and protocols. 
   • List scrotal laboratory values and patient history. 
   • Discuss clinical indications for ultrasound exam of scrotum. 
   • Identify sonographic images of masses, inflammation, cysts, fluid collections, hematomas, and parenchymal disease of scrotum.
   • List all protocols for scrotal ultrasound imaging. 
   • Document patient history and physical findings pertinent of ultrasound exam of scrotum. 
4. Identify normal anatomy, pathology/pathophysiology and the appearance of the penis sonographically. ^{App. B.3.a.2.f.}
   • Discuss penile scanning techniques and protocols. 
   • List associated laboratory values and patient history. 
   • Discuss clinical indications for ultrasound examination of the penis. 
   • Identify sonographic images of masses, inflammation, cysts, fluid collections, hematomas, and parenchymal disease of the scrotum. 
   • List all penile images required by the clinical institution.
   • Document patient history and physical findings pertinent to ultrasound exam of penis. 
5. Describe vascular sonography. ^{App. B.3.a.1.f.} 
   • Discuss vascular anatomy and indications for ultrasound examination. 
   • Discuss educational requirements for the vascular sonography registry. 
6. Discuss pre-vertebral vessels, lung and pleura procedures, and Describe ultrasound-guided interventional techniques. ^{App. B.3.a.1.h} 
   • Discuss advantages of ultrasound-guided procedures. 
   • Discuss benefits of sonographer involvement in procedures. 
   • Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of free hand and needle guided technique. 
   • List potential complications of interventional techniques. 
   • Discuss indications and contraindications for interventional techniques.
   • Discuss lung and pleura procedures. 
   • Discuss indications and contraindications for lung and pleura procedures. 
7. Describe sonographic case studies of the thyroid, parathyroid, vascular structures in the neck, prostate, and scrotum. ^{App. B.3.a.2.c.} 
   • Discuss sonographic case studies of the thyroid and parathyroid. 
   • Discuss sonographic case studies of vascular structures in the neck. 
   • Discuss sonographic case studies of the prostate. 
   • Discuss sonographic case studies of the scrotum. 
8. Describe normal and pathology/pathophysiology of the breast as presented on the sonographic exam.       
   • Discuss anatomy of the breast. 
   • Identify sonographic appearance of normal breast structures.
   • Discuss sonographic appearance of breast masses. 
   • Discuss related breast imaging.
   • Differentiate between whole breast imaging and imaging a palpable mass with ultrasound. 
   • Document patient positioning and measurements of masses for ultrasound imaging of the breast. 
   • Discuss patient history and clinical indications pertinent to ultrasound exam of breast. 
   • Discuss differential diagnosis of sonographic masses. 
   • Identify appearance of breast implants sonographically. 
9. Discuss ultrasound imaging of the musculoskeletal structures and extremities. ^{App. B.3.a.2.i.}
   • Discuss anatomy of the musculoskeletal structures. 
   • Identify sonographic appearance of musculoskeletal structures. 
   • Discuss sonographic appearance of extremities. 
   • Discuss differential diagnosis of sonographic masses within extremities. 
10. Discuss ultrasound imaging in organ transplant. ^{App. B.3.c.e.1.a-c.} 
    • Discuss sonographic technique and appearance related to organ. 
    • Discuss indications and lab values associated with organ transplant. 
    • Describe pathologies and sequelae relative to organ transplant. 
    • Identify normal flow characteristics and waveforms.
    • Correlate transplant methods and expected sonographic findings. 
11. Identify normal anatomy, pathology/pathophysiology and the appearance of Neonatal/infant head sonographically. ^{App. B.3.a.2.d.} 
    • Discuss Neonatal/infant head scanning techniques and protocols.
    • List associated Neonatal/infant head laboratory values and patient history.
    • Discuss clinical indications for ultrasound examination of the Neonatal/infant head.
    • Identify anatomy, relational anatomy, anatomic variants, and sonographic appearances of Neonatal/infant head. 
    • List all Neonatal/infant head images required by the clinical institution.
    • Document patient history and physical findings pertinent of ultrasound exam of the Neonatal/infant head. 
12. Identify normal anatomy, pathology/pathophysiology and the appearance of Neonatal/infant spine sonographically. ^{App. B.3.a.2.e.}
    • Discuss Neonatal/infant spine scanning techniques and protocols. 
    • List associated Neonatal/infant spine laboratory values and patient history. 
    • Discuss clinical indications for ultrasound examination of the Neonatal/infant spine
    • Identify anatomy, relational anatomy, anatomic variants, and sonographic appearances of Neonatal/infant spine. 
    • List all Neonatal/infant head images required by the clinical institution. 
    • Document patient history and physical findings pertinent of ultrasound exam of the Neonatal/infant spine. 
13. Identify normal anatomy, pathology/pathophysiology and the appearance of infant hips sonographically. ^{App. B.3.a.2.b.} 
    • Discuss indications for infant and pediatric hip sonography. 
    • Discuss clinical indications and patient history pertinent to the ultrasound examination. 
    • Identify infant and pediatric hip scanning techniques and protocols.
    • Document patient history and physical findings pertinent to ultrasound exam of infant and pediatric hip.

CAAHEP Standards and Guidelines for the Accreditation of Educational Programs in Diagnostic Medical Sonography updated 2021, Appendix B

DMS 1544 General Obstetrical and Gynecological Sonography

Description

This class discusses pathology/ pathophysiology with female anatomy and obstetrical sonographic examinations. Sonographic appearance of the female pelvis premenopausal through post-menopausal and evaluation of pregnancy from conception to delivery will be discussed. Evaluating infertility and related laboratory values, as well as other imaging procedures, will be included.

Hour Breakdown

Semester Credit Hours	Lecture	Lab	Contact Hours
4	3	2	75

Prerequisite

Instructor Approved

Student Learning Outcomes

1. Discuss ultrasound applications in obstetrical exams during the first trimester of pregnancy. ^{App. B.7.a and b.} 
   • Describe embryonic development. 
   • Describe ultrasound evaluation of first trimester pregnancy. 
   • Determine fetal age in the first trimester of pregnancy with ultrasound measurements. 
   • Define fetal life sonographically. 
   • Discuss laboratory tests utilized in first trimester pregnancies.
   • Discuss abnormal first trimester pregnancies and correlate with ultrasound. 
   • Discuss clinical indications for ultrasound during the first trimester of pregnancy. 
   • Discuss transducer selection and patient preparation for first trimester ultrasound exam. 
   • Discuss the sonographer’s role in talking with the patient and discussing sonographic results.
   • Explain reporting sonographic results and sonographic videotaping procedures.
2. Describe ultrasound applications in obstetrical exams during the second and third trimester of pregnancy. ^{App. B.7.b.2.c-f.} 
   • Discuss normal fetal development during second and third trimesters of pregnancy. 
   • Discuss normal fetal ultrasound appearance in second and third trimesters of pregnancy. 
   • Discuss ultrasound fetal measurements in second and third trimesters of pregnancy. 
   • Discuss amniotic fluid measurements with ultrasound. 
   • Explain intrauterine growth restriction. 
   • Explain placental development. 
   • Discuss how maternal illness affects the developing fetus. 
   • Discuss genetic studies. 
   • Discuss fetal abnormalities seen on ultrasound examinations.
   • Discuss multiple gestations.
   • Discuss the biophysical fetal profile.
   • Discuss clinical indications for ultrasound examination in second and third trimesters of pregnancy. 
   • Discuss the sonographer’s role in patient reporting and videotaping. 
   • Discuss the postpartum appearance of the uterus on ultrasound exams. 
   • Discuss post-partum complications. 
   • Discuss intrauterine fetal therapy. 
   • Discuss the role of the sonographer in invasive/interventional procedures. 
3. Describe gynecological ultrasound evaluations. ^{App. B.7.a} 
   • Describe normal pelvic anatomy. 
   • Identify normal sonographic appearance of the female pelvis. 
   • Identify sonographic appearance of congenital uterine malformations, ovarian masses, endometriosis, polycystic ovarian disease, pelvic inflammatory disease, and associated pathologies. 
   • Discuss the role of sonography in the assessment of the infertility patient. 
   • Discuss differential diagnosis of sonographic pelvic masses. 
   • Identify uterine and ovarian disorders and masses sonographically. 
   • Identify the sonographic appearance of contraceptive devices. 
4. Obtain, evaluate, document, and communicate relevant information related to sonographic examinations of Transabdominal Gyn, Transvaginal Gyn, First Trimester, Second Trimester and Third Trimester OB. ^{App. B.7.f.1-5} 
   • Clinical information and historical facts from the patient and the medical records, which may impact the diagnostic examination. 
   • Clinical signs and symptoms 
   • Laboratory tests
   • Imaging and diagnostic procedures 
   • Oral and/or written summary of sonographic findings.
   • Deviation from practice parameters for the sonographic examination as required by patient history or initial findings 
   • Changes from a previous examination 
   • Examination findings that require an immediate clinical response and notify the interpreting physician 
5. Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the role of the sonographer in performing interventional/invasive/advanced procedures. ^{App. B.7.e. 1-7} 
   • Infertility procedures 
   • Amniocentesis 
   • Chorionic villus sampling
   • Fetal therapy 
   • Nuchal translucency 
   • Sonohysterography 
   • Three-dimensional obstetric and gynecologic sonography 
6. Evaluate scanning protocol and modification(s) based on the sonographic findings and the differential diagnoses. ^{App. B7. f. 1-5} 
   • Indications and contraindications 
   • History and physical examination 
   • Related imaging, laboratory, and functional testing procedures 
   • Clinical differential diagnosis 
   • Role of sonography in patient management 
7. Demonstrate achievement of clinical competency through the performance of sonographic examinations of the gravid and non-gravid pelvis with both transabdominal and endocavitary transducers, and Doppler/M-mode display modes, according to practice parameters established by national professional organizations and the protocol of the clinical affiliate. Clinical competencies must include evaluation and documentation of: ^{App. B.2.n. 1-10} 
   • Use of proper ergonomics 
   • Safety and infection control 
   • Obtain clinical history and utilize information appropriately 
   • Oral and written communication 
   • Identification of anatomical and related structures 
   • Differentiation of normal from pathological/disease process 
   • Image optimization techniques in grayscale 
   • Image optimization techniques in Doppler and M-mode (where applicable) 
   • Knowledge and application of ALARA 
   • Measurements as applicable
   • Gynecology competencies
   • Obstetrical competencies

CAAHEP Standards and Guidelines for the Accreditation of Educational Programs in Diagnostic Medical Sonography updated 2021, Appendix B

DMS 1553 Advanced Obstetrical and Gynecological Sonography

Description

Continuation of General Obstetrical and Gynecological Sonography. This class discusses pathology/ pathophysiology of obstetrical sonographic examinations. Sonographic appearance of fetal anatomy and findings of fetal anomalies and genetic links will be discussed. Assessment, laboratory values, as well as other imaging procedures, will be included. A review of the sonographic appearance of the female pelvis and evaluation of pregnancy from conception to delivery will be included.

Hour Breakdown

Semester Credit Hours	Lecture	Lab	Contact Hours
3	3	0	45

Prerequisite

Instructor Approved

Student Learning Outcomes

1. Describe ultrasound applications in obstetrical exams during the second and third trimester of pregnancy. ^{App. B.7.b.2.c-f.}
   • Discuss normal fetal development during second and third trimesters of pregnancy 
   • Discuss normal fetal ultrasound appearance in second and third trimesters of pregnancy 
   • Discuss ultrasound fetal measurements in second and third trimesters of pregnancy. 
   • Discuss amniotic fluid measurements with ultrasound 
   • Discuss intrauterine growth restriction 
   • Describe embryogenesis of the placenta 
   • Describe the sonographic findings and clinical significance of placental pathologies
   • Discuss genetic studies. 
   • Discuss fetal abnormalities seen on ultrasound examinations. 
   • Discuss multiple gestations. 
   • Discuss the biophysical fetal profile.
   • Discuss clinical indications for ultrasound examination in second and third trimesters of pregnancy. 
   • Discuss the sonographer’s role in patient reporting and videotaping.
   • Discuss the postpartum appearance of the uterus on ultrasound exams. 
   • Discuss intrauterine fetal therapy. 
   • Discuss the role of the sonographer in invasive/interventional procedures. 
2. Describe fetal structural abnormalities. ^{App. B.7.b.2}
   • Discuss various fetal abnormalities and their sonographic appearances 
   • Define terminology and associations of fetal face, head and neck abnormalities 
   • Define terminology and associations of skeletal abnormalities 
   • Discuss fetal thorax and cardiac abnormalities 
   • Discuss fetal abdominal wall and gastrointestinal abnormalities 
   • Discuss fetal genitourinary abnormalities. 
3. Obtain, evaluate, document, and communicate relevant information related to sonographic examinations of Transabdominal Gyn , Transvaginal Gyn, First Trimester, Second Trimester and Third Trimester OB. ^{App. B.7.f.1-5} 
   • Clinical information and historical facts from the patient and the medical records, which may impact the diagnostic examination. 
   • Clinical signs and symptoms 
   • Laboratory tests 
   • Imaging and diagnostic procedures 
   • Oral and/or written summary of sonographic findings.
   • Deviation from practice parameters for the sonographic examination as required by patient history or initial findings 
   • Changes from a previous examination 
   • Examination findings that require an immediate clinical response and notify the interpreting physician. 
4. Evaluate scanning protocol and modification(s) based on the sonographic findings and the differential diagnoses. ^{App. B7. f. 1-5} 
   • Indications and contraindications 
   • History and physical examination 
   • Related imaging, laboratory, and functional testing procedures 
   • Clinical differential diagnosis 
   • Role of sonography in patient management
5. Demonstrate achievement of clinical competency through the performance of sonographic examinations of the gravid and non-gravid pelvis with both transabdominal and endocavitary transducers, and Doppler/M-mode display modes, according to practice parameters established by national professional organizations and the protocol of the clinical affiliate. Clinical competencies must include evaluation and documentation of: ^{App. B.2.n. 1-10} 
   • Use of proper ergonomics 
   • Safety and infection control 
   • Obtain clinical history and utilize information appropriately 
   • Oral and written communication
   • Identification of anatomical and related structures
   • Differentiation of normal from pathological/disease process 
   • Image optimization techniques in grayscale 
   • Image optimization techniques in Doppler and M-mode (where applicable) 
   • Knowledge and application of ALARA 
   • Measurements as applicable
   • Gynecology competencies 
   • Obstetrical competencies

CAAHEP Standards and Guidelines for the Accreditation of Educational Programs in Diagnostic Medical Sonography updated 2021, Appendix B

DMS 1612 Sonography Seminar

Description

This course will prepare students for ARDMS/ARRT certification examinations.

Hour Breakdown

Semester Credit Hours	Lecture	Lab	Contact Hours
2	2	0	30

Prerequisite

Instructor Approved

Student Learning Outcomes

1. Review ultrasound physics and principles. ^{App. B.2.j-n.} 
   • Define diagnostic ultrasound. 
   • Discuss how ultrasound works to produce an image. 
   • Explain how ultrasound equipment turns sound into diagnostic images. 
   • Describe how Doppler ultrasound works. 
   • Describe ultrasound artifacts. 
   • Discuss performance and safety standards for ultrasound equipment. 
2. Examine all aspects of patient care. ^{App. B.2.c. 1-17} 
   • Describe patient care legal and professional responsibilities. 
   • Discuss patient education and safety. 
   • Explain patient care and standard precautions. 
3. Discuss general sonographic procedures. ^{App. B.3.a-e; App. B7.a-g} 
   • Identify the sonographic anatomy, pathology, and physiology of the abdomen. 
   • Identify the sonographic anatomy, pathology, and physiology of obstetrics.
   • Identify the sonographic anatomy, pathology, and physiology of gynecology. 
   • Identify general procedural considerations for abdominal sonography. 
   • Identify general procedural considerations for obstetrical sonography. 
   • Identify general procedural considerations for gynecological sonography.

CAAHEP Standards and Guidelines for the Accreditation of Educational Programs in Diagnostic Medical Sonography updated 2021, Appendix B

DMS 1622 Ultrasound Examination Critique

Description

This course will present case studies of normal and abnormal sonographic exams.

Hour Breakdown

Semester Credit Hours	Lecture	Lab	Contact Hours
2	2	0	30

Prerequisite

Instructor Approved

Student Learning Outcomes

1. Discuss obstetrical and gynecological case studies obtained in clinical site rotations. ^{App. B.7.a-f} 
   • Discuss case studies pertaining to obstetrical sonography. 
   • Discuss case studies pertaining to gynecological sonography. 
2. Discuss case studies pertaining to abdominal sonography. ^{App. B.3.a-e} 
   • Discuss sonographic case studies of the abdominal wall. 
   • Discuss sonographic case studies of the liver. 
   • Discuss sonographic case studies of the gallbladder and biliary system. 
   • Discuss sonographic case studies of the pancreas. 
   • Discuss sonographic case studies of the spleen. 
   • Discuss sonographic case studies of the renal system. 
   • Discuss sonographic case studies of the gastrointestinal system. 
3. Review abdominal, obstetrical, and gynecological sonography case studies from clinical site rotations. ^{App. B.7.a-f.and App. B.3.a-e.} 
   • Discuss abdominal sonographic case studies. 
   • Discuss obstetrical sonographic case studies. 
   • Discuss gynecologic sonographic case studies. 
   • Critique case studies associated with abdominal, obstetrical, and gynecological sonography.

CAAHEP Standards and Guidelines for the Accreditation of Educational Programs in Diagnostic Medical Sonography updated 2021, Appendix B

DMS 2114 Cardiac Sonography I

Description

This course will evaluate the normal anatomy and physiology of the human heart as part of the cardiovascular system. Cardiac ultrasound fundamentals including principles of imaging, scan modes, evaluation methods, and hemodynamics. Discusses diagnostic cardiac ultrasound including, normal appearance, scanning techniques, and pathology.

Hour Breakdown

Semester Credit Hours	Lecture	Lab	Contact Hours
4	3	2	45

Prerequisite

Instructor Approved

Student Learning Outcomes

1. Identify and describe anatomy, anatomic variants, and sonographic appearances of normal cardiac structures. 
2. Explain normal cardiovascular physiology and hemodynamics. 
3. Identify mechanisms of disease, cardiovascular pathophysiology and hemodynamics, sonographic technique, measurements, quantitative principles, and dopplers patterns in the normal heart.

CAAHEP Standards and Guidelines for the Accreditation of Educational Programs in Diagnostic Medical Sonography updated 2021, Appendix B

App B 2. Learning Competencies for all Concentrations
App B 4. Learning Competencies for the Adult Cardiac Sonography Concentration: a-f, h.

DMS 2123 Cardiac Sonography II

Description

Continuation of Cardiac Sonography I. This course will further evaluate the normal anatomy and physiology of the human heart as part of the cardiovascular system. Cardiac ultrasound fundamentals including principles of imaging, scan modes, evaluation methods, and hemodynamics. Discusses diagnostic cardiac ultrasound including, normal appearance, scanning techniques, and pathology

Hour Breakdown

Semester Credit Hours	Lecture	Lab	Contact Hours
3	3	0	45

Prerequisite

Instructor Approved

Student Learning Outcomes

1. Identify mechanisms and types of cardiac disease. 
2. Describe pathophysiology and hemodynamic effects of cardiac disease. 
3. Implement knowledge of sonographic techniques, measurements, quantitative principles, and doppler patterns in the heart with cardiac disease. 
4. Demonstrate knowledge of the indications, utility, limitations, and technical procedures for related echocardiographic studies. 
5. Demonstrate knowledge of mechanisms of disease, cardiovascular pathophysiology and hemodynamics, sonographic technique, measurements, quantitative principles, and Doppler patterns in both the normal heart and heart with cardiac disease. 
6. Review normal and pathological cardiac anatomy, physiology, and sonographic appearance.

CAAHEP Standards and Guidelines for the Accreditation of Educational Programs in Diagnostic Medical Sonography updated 2021, Appendix B

App B 2. Learning Competencies for all Concentrations
App B 4. Learning Competencies for the Adult Cardiac Sonography Concentration: a-f, h.

DMS 2213 Cardiovascular Pathology

Description

This course will continue to evaluate the normal and abnormal anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the human heart as part of the cardiovascular system. Cardiac anomalies and disease will be discussed according to embryonic development and patient risk factors, while recognizing associated sonographic findings. Students will increase proficiency in 2-D, M-mode, and Doppler examinations, regardless of normal or diseased presentations.

Hour Breakdown

Semester Credit Hours	Lecture	Lab	Contact Hours
3	3	0	45

Prerequisite

Instructor Approved

Student Learning Outcomes

1. Identify mechanisms and types of cardiac disease. 
2. Describe pathophysiology and hemodynamic effects of cardiac disease. 
3. Implement knowledge of sonographic techniques, measurements, quantitative principles, and doppler patterns in the heart with cardiac disease. 
4. Demonstrate knowledge of mechanisms of disease, cardiovascular pathophysiology and hemodynamics, sonographic technique, measurements, quantitative principles, and Doppler patterns in both the normal heart and heart with cardiac disease.

CAAHEP Standards and Guidelines for the Accreditation of Educational Programs in Diagnostic Medical Sonography updated 2021, Appendix B

App B 2. Learning Competencies for all Concentrations
App B 4. Learning Competencies for the Adult Cardiac Sonography Concentration: a-f, h.

DMS 2223 Intro to Cardiovascular Concepts

Description

Introduction to cardiac ultrasound fundamentals including the anatomy, physiology, embryology, evaluation methods, hemodynamics, and structural relationships of the cardiovascular system. The sonographic anatomy of the cardiovascular system of the human body, techniques and protocols for performing a diagnostic study of the cardiovascular system will also be introduced in this course.

Hour Breakdown

Semester Credit Hours	Lecture	Lab	Contact Hours
3	3	0	45

Prerequisite

Instructor Approved

Student Learning Outcomes

1. Identify and describe anatomy, anatomic variants, and sonographic appearances of normal cardiac structures. 
2. Explain normal cardiovascular physiology and hemodynamics. 
3. Identify basic normal and abnormal ECG rhythms.
4. Identify mechanisms of disease, cardiovascular pathophysiology and hemodynamics, sonographic technique, measurements, quantitative principles, and dopplers patterns in the normal heart.

CAAHEP Standards and Guidelines for the Accreditation of Educational Programs in Diagnostic Medical Sonography updated 2021, Appendix B

App B 4. Learning Competencies for the Adult Cardiac Sonography Concentration: a-f, h.

DMS 2446 Clinical Experience IV

Description

This is a clinical practice and instruction in a clinical affiliate. Areas included are patient care and management, operation of equipment, and sonography procedures. All procedures will be performed under direct supervision.

Hour Breakdown

Semester Credit Hours	Lecture	Lab	Contact Hours
6	0	18	270

Prerequisite

Instructor Approved

Student Learning Outcomes

1. Demonstrate proficiency in the technique of vascular sonographic exams. 
2. Demonstrate achievement of clinical competency through the performance of sonographic examinations of the vascular system according to practice parameters established by national professional organizations and the protocol of the clinical affiliates. Clinical competencies must include evaluation and documentation of: 
   • Identification of anatomical and relational structures 
   • Differentiation of normal from pathological/disease process 
   • Image optimization in grayscale, color Doppler and spectral Doppler 
   • Measurement techniques 
   • Vascular competencies
3. Perform clinical application skills for sonographic procedures for the gallbladder and biliary system, liver, pancreas, spleen, kidney, abdominal vascular structures, abdominal wall, and peritoneal space. 
4. Perform clinical application skills for sonographic procedures for first, second, and third trimester pregnancy. 
5. Perform clinical application skills for sonographic procedures for the female pelvis, breast, male pelvis, thyroid lung and pleura, and musculoskeletal structures.
6. Evaluate scanning protocol and modification(s) based on patient-specific factors. 
7. Obtain, evaluate, document, and communicate relevant information related to sonographic examinations. 
   • Clinical information and historical facts from the patient and the medical records, which may impact the diagnostic examination. 
     • Clinical signs and symptoms 
     • Laboratory test 
     • Imaging and diagnostic procedures 
     • Oral and/or written summary of sonographic findings 
   • Deviation from practice parameters for the sonographic examination as required by patient history or initial findings. 
   • Changes from a previous examination. 
   • Examination findings that require an immediate clinical response and notify the interpreting physician.
8. Demonstrate achievement of clinical competency through the performance of the Sonographic examinations according to clinical practice parameters established by national professional organizations and the protocol of the clinical affiliate. to provide quality patient care and optimal examination outcome. Clinical competencies must include evaluation and documentation of: 
   • Use of proper ergonomics 
   • Safety and infection control 
   • Obtain clinical history and utilize information appropriately 
   • Oral and written communication 
   • Image optimization techniques 
   • ALARA 
   • Professionalism
   • Document sonographic findings for communication with interpreting physician.
   • Finalize examination for permanent storage. 
   • Process for reporting of critical findings.

CAAHEP Standards and Guidelines for the Accreditation of Educational Programs in Diagnostic Medical Sonography updated 2021, Appendix B

App B 2. Learning Competencies for all Concentrations
App B 3. Learning Competencies for the Abdominal Sonography - Extended Concentration
App B 7. Learning Competencies for the Obstetrics and Gynecology Sonography Concentration
App B 9. Learning Competencies for the Vascular Sonography Concentration

DMS 2456 Clinical Experience V

Description

This is a clinical practice and instruction in a clinical affiliate. Areas included are patient care and management, operation of equipment, and sonography procedures. All procedures will be performed under direct supervision.

Hour Breakdown

Semester Credit Hours	Lecture	Lab	Contact Hours
6	0	18	270

Prerequisite

Instructor Approved

Student Learning Outcomes

1. Demonstrate proficiency in technique and application of: 
   • Quantitative principles applied to echocardiographic images and flow data 
   • Stress echocardiography – exercise 
   • Stress echocardiography – pharmacologic 
   • Transthoracic enhanced echocardiogram 
2. Demonstrate achievement of clinical competency through the performance of adult cardiac sonography, according to practice parameters established by national professional organizations and the protocol of the clinical affiliate. Clinical competencies must include evaluation and documentation of: 
   • Identification of anatomical and relational structures 
   • Differentiation of normal from pathological/disease process 
   • Image optimization and measurement techniques with:
     • 2D imaging 
     • M-mode 
     • Spectral Doppler: PW, CW and Tissue Doppler
     • Color flow Doppler 
     • Use of non-imaging CW Doppler transducer 
   • Adult cardiac sonography competencies 
3. Demonstrate knowledge of the indications, utility, limitations, and technical procedures for related echocardiographic studies. 
4. Demonstrate knowledge, application, and proficiency in the use of quantitation principles applied to echocardiographic images and flow data. 
5. Awareness of scanning protocol and modification(s) based on the sonographic findings and the differential diagnoses.

CAAHEP Standards and Guidelines for the Accreditation of Educational Programs in Diagnostic Medical Sonography updated 2021, Appendix B

App B 2. Learning Competencies for all Concentrations
App B 4. Learning Competencies for the Adult Cardiac Sonography Concentration: a-f, h.

DMS 2713 Vascular Sonography I

Description

This course will introduce the sonographic anatomy of the vascular system of the human body, techniques, and protocols for performing diagnostic studies of the vascular system. Common pathologies and anomalies, along with patient history, lab values, and symptomology will also be introduced in this course.

Hour Breakdown

Semester Credit Hours	Lecture	Lab	Contact Hours
3	3	0	45

Prerequisite

Instructor Approved

Student Learning Outcomes

1. Identify and describe the anatomy, physiology and sonographic appearance of the vascular system. 
2. Demonstrate knowledge of normal and abnormal vascular anatomy. 
3. Demonstrate knowledge of normal and abnormal vascular physiology. 
4. Demonstrate knowledge of importance and impact of laboratory values and additional imaging techniques as they relate to vascular sonography. 
5. Demonstrate knowledge, understanding, and proficiency in the use of quantitative principles applied to vascular testing.

CAAHEP Standards and Guidelines for the Accreditation of Educational Programs in Diagnostic Medical Sonography updated 2021, Appendix B

App B 2. Learning Competencies for all Concentrations
App B 9. Learning Competencies for the Vascular Sonography Concentration: a-f, i-k.

DMS 2724 Vascular Sonography II

Description

This course will familiarize the student with sonographic anatomy of the peripheral vascular structures of the human body. Techniques to perform spectral, color and angiographic Doppler of these vessels will be introduced. Images will be correlated with other imaging modalities. Common pathologies and anomalies, along with patient history, lab values and symptomology will be discussed. Scanning protocols will also be included in this course.

Hour Breakdown

Semester Credit Hours	Lecture	Lab	Contact Hours
4	3	2	75

Prerequisite

Instructor Approved

Student Learning Outcomes

1. Identify and describe the anatomy, physiology and sonographic features of the vascular system. 
2. Demonstrate knowledge of mechanisms of vascular disease and pathology. 
3. Identify and describe the sonographic features associated with anomalies, pathologies, and differential diagnosis of the vascular system. 
4. Recall the hemodynamics effects of vascular disease on vessels. 
5. Demonstrate knowledge of physiologic vascular testing techniques, as well as other imaging modalities. 
6. Demonstrate knowledge of the role of ultrasound in evaluation of vascular surgical procedures and interventions.

CAAHEP Standards and Guidelines for the Accreditation of Educational Programs in Diagnostic Medical Sonography updated 2021, Appendix B

App B 2. Learning Competencies for all Concentrations
App B 9. Learning Competencies for the Vascular Sonography Concentration: a-f, i-k.

Articulation

Check with the local community college CTE administration for articulation agreements.

Industry Job Projection Data

A summary of occupational data is available from the Mississippi Department of Employment Security website.

Adoption of National Certification Standards

American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography (ARDMS)

The American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography® (ARDMS®) administers examinations and awards credentials in areas of ultrasound. Through its mission, ARDMS empowers sonographers to provide exceptional patient care through rigorous assessments and continual learning. Inteleos is the non-profit governance and management organization for ARDMS and its companion Council the Alliance for Physician Certifications & Advancement (APCA). 

• Inteleos Family of Brands Video 
• ARDMS New 2016 Organizational Structure
• ARDMS Council Members 
• Legislation 
• Mission and Vision 
• ARDMS Trademarks 
• Careers at ARDMS

ARDMS administers examinations and award the following credentials: 

• Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer® (RDMS®) 
• Registered Diagnostic Cardiac Sonographer® (RDCS®)
• Registered Vascular Technologist® (RVT®) 
• Registered Musculoskeletal™ Sonographer(RMSKS™)

ARDMS credentials have been awarded to over 90,000 medical professionals worldwide and are recognized as the international standard in sonography credentialing.

The Diagnostic Medical Sonography program is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP) through the Joint Review Committee on Accreditation for Education in Diagnostic Medical Sonography (JRCDMS).

CAAHEP can be contacted at 9355 - 113th St. N, #7709 Seminole, FL 33775. Phone 727-210-2350. Website: www.caahep.org

JRCDMS can be contacted at 6021 University Boulevard, Suite 500, Ellicott City, MD 21043. Phone number 443-973-3251. Website: www.jrcdms.org

Industry Credentials, Certifications, and Professional Licensure

As curricula are revised or developed for Career Technical Education (for credit) programs at Mississippi’s community colleges, appropriate industry credentials/certifications/professional licensure are identified (where applicable).

Each community college cooperating with businesses/industries in their college district determines if and when industry credentials/certifications/professional licensure are warranted.

Contact each community college for more information.

Dual Enrollment

See the “Procedures Manual for Dual Enrollment and Accelerated Programs”

Appendix A: Recommended Tools and Equipment

Capitalized Items

1. General Purpose Ultrasound Phantom (1 per lab) 
2. Doppler Ultrasound Phantom (1 per lab) 
3. AIUM 100 mm Test Object (1 per lab) 
4. Beam Profile/Slice Thickness Phantom (1 per lab) 
5. Ultrasound Scanning Table (1 per lab) 
6. Ultrasound Machine (1 per lab)
7. 3.5 Megahertz Probe (1 per machine)
8. 7.0 Megahertz Transvaginal Probe (1 per machine)
9. 10.0 Megahertz Probe (1per machine) 
10. 3-D Probe (1 per machine) 
11. Endo-cavity 10-16 Megahertz Probe (1per lab) 
12. Color Printer (for Ultrasound Machine) (1 per lab)
13. Computers (1 per student) 
14. Wheelchair (1 per lab) 
15. Illuminators, Mobile Stand System (1 per 5 students) 
16. Power Point System/Boxlight Projection System (1 per lab) 
17. Stretcher (1 per lab) 
18. Cross Sectional Model (1 per lab) 
19. High Intensity Overhead Projector (1 per lab)
20. UltraSim (1 per lab) 
21. Washer/Dryer (1 per lab) 
22. Sectional Torso (1 per lab) 
23. Kidney Model (1 per lab) 
24. Classic Pregnancy Series Model (1 per lab) 
25. Male Pelvis Model (1 per lab) 
26. Female Pelvis Model (1 per lab) 
27. Liver Model (1 per lab) 
28. Thermal Printer (for Ultrasound Machine) (1 per lab)
29. Phantom (1) Penial (1) pediatric hip (1) neonatal head 
30. Trophon or other high level disinfectant system 
31. Cardiac Echo model 
32. EKG machine 
33. 5.0 Megahertz Cardiac Probe (1 per machine with cardiac software) 
34. ECG Leadwire Set (1 per machine with cardiac software) 
35. ABI Vascular Doppler Machine (1 per lab)

Non-Capitalized Items

1. Supply Storage Cabinet (1 per program) 
2. Laser Printer (1 per lab) 
3. Sheets (48) 
4. Pillow (1 per ultrasound table) 
5. Pillow Cases 
6. Step Stool (1 per lab)
7. Adjustable Stool (1 per lab) 
8. Cut Film Holders (6 per lab) 
9. Digital Camera 
10. Towels (shop type) (50) 
11. Probes for Cardiac Sonography
12. Blood Pressure Device

Recommended Instructional Aids

It is recommended that instructors have access to the following items: 

1. Scanner
2. TV 
3. Smart Board
4. College Internet Server

Consumable Supplies
These supplies are to be provided on an annual basis (a local level responsibility). 

1. Ultrasound Gel
2. Disinfectants to include high level disinfectant materials 
3. Paper for Printer 
4. Table Paper 
5. Laundry Detergent 
6. Disposable Exam Gloves 
7. Face Masks 
8. Anti-Bacterial Hand Gel/Lotion 
9. Aerosol Disinfectant 
10. Safety glasses/goggles
11. Anti-Bacterial Surface Cleaner

Other equipment items can be added when deemed appropriate by the community college industry craft committee or by industry/business training requirements.

Appendix B: Curriculum Definitions and Terms

Terms & Definitions

• Course Name – A common name that will be used by all community colleges in reporting students 
• Course Abbreviation – A common abbreviation that will be used by all community and junior colleges in reporting students
• Classification – Courses may be classified as the following: 
  • Career Certificate Required Course – A required course for all students completing a career certificate. 
  • Technical Certificate Required Course – A required course for all students completing a technical certificate. 
  • Technical Elective – Elective courses that are available for colleges to offer to students. 
• Description – A short narrative that includes the major purpose(s) of the course 
• Prerequisites – A listing of any courses that must be taken prior to or on enrollment in the course
• Corequisites – A listing of courses that may be taken while enrolled in the course 
• Student Learning Outcomes – A listing of the student outcomes (major concepts and performances) that will enable students to demonstrate mastery of these competencies 

The following guidelines were used in developing the program(s) in this document and should be considered in compiling and revising course syllabi and daily lesson plans at the local level: 

• The content of the courses in this document reflects approximately 75% of the time allocated to each course. The remaining 25% of each course should be developed at the local district level and may reflect the following:
  • Additional competencies and objectives within the course related to topics not found in the state framework, including activities related to specific needs of industries in the community college district 
  • Activities that develop a higher level of mastery on the existing competencies and suggested objectives
  • Activities and instruction related to new technologies and concepts that were not prevalent at the time the current framework was developed or revised 
  • Activities that include integration of academic and career–technical skills and course work, school- to-work transition activities, and articulation of secondary and postsecondary career–technical programs 
  • Individualized learning activities, including work-site learning activities, to better prepare individuals in the courses for their chosen occupational areas 
• Sequencing of the course within a program is left to the discretion of the local college. Naturally, foundation courses related to topics such as safety, tool and equipment usage, and other fundamental skills should be taught first. Other courses related to specific skill areas and related academics, however, may be sequenced to take advantage of seasonal and climatic conditions, resources located outside of the school, and other factors. Programs that offer an Associate of Applied Science Degree must include all of the required Career Certificate courses, Technical Certificate courses AND a minimum of 15 semester hours of General Education Core Courses. The courses in the General Education Core may be spaced out over the entire length of the program so that students complete some academic and Career Technical courses each semester. Each community college specifies the actual courses that are required to meet the General Education Core Requirements for the Associate of Applied Science Degree at their college.
• In order to provide flexibility within the districts, individual courses within a framework may be customized by doing the following: 
  • Adding new student learning outcomes to complement the existing competencies and suggested objectives in the program framework 
  • Revising or extending the student learning outcomes 
  • Adjusting the semester credit hours of a course to be up 1 hour or down 1 hour (after informing the Mississippi Community College Board [MCCB] of the change)

Appendix C: Course Crosswalk

Diagnostic Medical Sonography

Existing 2011 MS Curriculum Framework

Course Number	Course Title	Hours
PHY 1212	Survey of Physics	2
TAH 1113	Medical Terminology in Allied Health	3
DMS 1114	Introduction to Ultrasound	4
DMS 1213	Sectional Anatomy	3
DMS 1313	Ultrasound Physics and Instrumentation I	3
DMS 1323	Ultrasound Physics and Instrumentation II	3
DMS 1414	Clinical Experience I	4
DMS 1426	Clinical Experience II	6
DMS 1513	Abdominal Sonography	3
DMS 1523	Obstetrical and Gynecological Sonography	3
DMS 1533	Advanced Sonographic Procedures	3
DMS 1436	Clinical Experience IIII	6
DMS 1613	Sonography Seminar	3
DMS 1623	Ultrasound Examination Critique	3

Revised 2018 MS Curriculum Framework

Course Number	Course Title	Hours
HIT 1213	Medical Terminology	3
DMS 1415	Clinical Experience I	5
DMS 1524	Obstetrical and Gynecological Sonography	4
DMS 1612	Sonography Seminar	2
DMS 1622	Ultrasound Examination Critique	2

Existing 2025 MS Curriculum Framework

Course Number	Course Title	Hours
DMS 1114	Introduction to Ultrasound	4
DMS 1213	Sectional Anatomy	3
DMS 1313	Ultrasound Physics and Instrumentation I	3
DMS 1323	Ultrasound Physics and Instrumentation II	3
DMS 1415	Clinical Experience I	5
DMS 1426	Clinical Experience II	6
DMS 1436	Clinical Experience III	6
DMS 1513	Abdominal Sonography	3
DMS 1524	Obstetrical and Gynecological Sonography	4
DMS 1533	Advanced Sonographic Procedures	3
DMS 1544	General Obstetrical and Gynecological Sonography	4
DMS 1553	Advanced Obstetrical and Gynecological Sonography	3
DMS 1612	Sonography Seminar	2
DMS 1622	Ultrasound Examination Critique	2
DMS 2114	Cardiac Sonography I	4
DMS 2123	Cardiac Sonography II	3
DMS 2213	Cardiovascular Pathology	3
DMS 2223	Intro to Cardiovascular Concepts	3
DMS 2446	Clinical Experience IV	6
DMS 2456	Clinical Experience V	6

Appendix D: Recommended Textbook List

Textbooks

Book Title	Author(s)	ISBN
Ultrasound Scanning, Principles and Protocols 5th Ed.	Robert De Jong	978-0323597388
Understanding Ultrasound Physics 4th Ed.	Edelman	978-0962644450
Textbook of Diagnostic Sonography 9th Ed.	Hagen-Ansert	978-0323826464
Textbook of Diagnostic Sonography 9th Ed. (Workbook)	Hagen-Ansert	978-0323826501
Sonography Introduction to Normal Structure and Function, 5th Ed.	Curry Prince	978-0323661355
Sonography Introduction to Normal Structure and Function, 5th Ed. (Lab Workbook)	Curry Prince	978-0323709477
Examination Review for Ultrasound, 3rd Ed.	Steven M. Penny	978-1975185480
Sonography Exam Review 4th Ed.	Susanna Ovel	978-0323609265
Introduction to Sonography and Patient Care 2nd Ed.	Steven M. Penny	978-1975120108
Echocardiography from a Sonographers Perspective: The Notebook 8 & The Workbook 8 Pkg	Susan Dewitt	878-0003197960

Appendix E: Writing and Revision Information

Writing Team & Contributors

Faculty Writing Team Members

Lesa Wilson, Hinds Community College Leigh Ann Vanlandingham, Hinds Community College Amanda Howell, Itawamba Community College Micki Jo Robertson, Pearl River Community College

Administrator Writing Team Members

Kathy Elliott, Dean of Health Sciences, Hinds Community College Tonya Vaughn, Dean of Health Science Instruction, Itawamba Community College Dr. James Collum, Dean of Career and Technical Education, Pearl River Community College

Business and Industry Contributing Team Members

Candice Taylor, RDMS, RVT, North Mississippi Medical Center Kyle Reeves, Director of Radiology, North Mississippi Medical Center – Gilmore, Amory, MS Dr. Bryan Lantrip, Lakeland Radiologists PA, Medical Director, Jackson, MS Leslie Odum Webb, Supervisor for Children’s Imaging, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS

Office of Curriculum, Instruction & Assessment Team Members

Dr. Scott Kolle, Director of Curriculum and Instruction, Mississippi Community College Board Eboni Mangum, Curriculum Specialist, Mississippi Community College Board Demarius Tolliver, Curriculum Specialist, Mississippi Community College Board Dr. LaToya Sterling, Assistant Director for Professional Development and Training, Mississippi Community College Board

Research Abstract

In the spring of 2025, the Office of Curriculum and Instruction (OCI) met with the different industry members who made up the advisory committees the Diagnostic Medical Sonography program. Industry advisory team members from the college involved with this program were asked to give input related to changes to be made to the curriculum framework. Specific changes made were based on program certification updates for Diagnostic Medical Sonography.

Revision History

2011 Research and Curriculum Unit, Mississippi State University
2018 Mississippi Community College Board
2021 Mississippi Community College Board
2025 Mississippi Community College Board

Copyright & Permission

The Office of Curriculum and Instruction (OCI) was founded in 2013 under the Division of Workforce, Career, and Technical Education at the Mississippi Community College Board (MCCB). The office is funded through a partnership with The Mississippi Department of Education (MDE), who serves as Mississippi’s fiscal agent for state and federal Career and Technical Education (CTE) Funds. The OCI is tasked with developing statewide CTE curriculum, programming, and professional development designed to meet the local and statewide economic demand.

Copyright© 2025 by Mississippi Community College Board
For information, please contact Curriculum Email